Classwithtostring - It then adds the property name as a key in the dictionary and, if a value exists, it adds the value, otherwise it adds null. public static Dictionary<string, object> ObjectToDictionary (object obj) { Dictionary<string, object> ret = new Dictionary<string, object> (); foreach (PropertyInfo prop in obj.GetType ().GetProperties ()) { string ...

 
I'm developing a "MemRef" class to use in place of std::string, to cut down on const string copying by passing around pointers instead. A MemRef object consists simply of a char* ptr and an int len. I want to make it possible to call the function foo (const string&) as foo (my_memref), by defining a method to convert a MemRef into a std::string.. Mia malkova and elle brooke anal

Java lang Class toString() Method - The java.lang.Class.toString() converts the object to a string. The string representation is the string class or interface, followed by a space, and then by the fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by getName.If you create a variable, you can easily convert it to a string using the print function. 1. 2. a = 5. print(a) The variable is an integer, that is converted to a string with the print function. Therefore you don’t have to convert it to a string before printing. If you join a variable with text, then you have to convert this variable to ...The reason for this that if you have implemented a ToString () method on a class you don't neccessary want it to be used when calling .Dump (). In this example the result for ClassWithToString in the dump window looks silly, since Dump calls ToString () as part of dumping. Where for the ClassWithoutToString looks as "expected" - where it just ...PowerShell: Overriding the default ToString () method. Each PowerShell object derives from System.Object and therefore has a ToString () method that returns a string that is (typically) used to render an object in readable and understandable for humans. This page tries to demonstrate the usefulnes of overriding the default Tostring () method.How do you convert the names of public properties of a class into a list of strings? Syntax preferably in VB.NET. I was trying to do something like this: myClassObject.GetType().GetProperties.To...std:: to_string. std:: to_string. Converts a numeric value to std::string . Let buf be an internal to the conversion functions buffer, sufficiently large to contain the result of conversion. 1) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%d", value). 2) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%ld ...1 day ago · 1 Answer. You appear to be attempting to save a condition and action as strings within the properties of a node, where the condition defines a Cypher query and the action provides a conditionally performed query. Your method is correct, however you will need to employ dynamic Cypher query execution to do this. vformat (format_string, args, kwargs) ¶. This function does the actual work of formatting. It is exposed as a separate function for cases where you want to pass in a predefined dictionary of arguments, rather than unpacking and repacking the dictionary as individual arguments using the *args and **kwargs syntax.Strings library. The C++ strings library includes support for three general types of strings: std::basic_string - a templated class designed to manipulate strings of any character type. std::basic_string_view (since C++17) - a lightweight non-owning read-only view into a subsequence of a string. Null-terminated strings - arrays of characters ...7 Answers. Check method reflectionToString (java.lang.Object), this will create automatically the representation you are expecting. Person p = new Person (); p.setName ("Tony"); p.setSalary (1000); System.out.println (ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString (p)); sure you can override the toString method of class.25. The purpose of the toString () method is to provide a literal representation of whatever object it is called on, or to convert an object to a string (example converting primitive types to strings). For a user defined class, it can vary depending on your use case. You might want to print out the object to a console.Jan 16, 2015 · public String toString () { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder (); builder.append (SalesExceptionHandlerImpl.class.getName () + " ["); builder.append ("toString ()="); builder.append (super.toString ()); builder.append (", getClass ()="); builder.append (getClass ()); builder.append (", hashCode ()="); builder.append (hashCode ()... Jan 16, 2015 · public String toString () { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder (); builder.append (SalesExceptionHandlerImpl.class.getName () + " ["); builder.append ("toString ()="); builder.append (super.toString ()); builder.append (", getClass ()="); builder.append (getClass ()); builder.append (", hashCode ()="); builder.append (hashCode ()... Strings are constant; their values cannot be changed after they are created. String buffers support mutable strings. Because String objects are immutable they can be shared. For example: String str = "abc"; is equivalent to: char data [] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}; String str = new String (data);class String. A String object has an arbitrary sequence of bytes, typically representing text or binary data. A String object may be created using String::new or as literals. String objects differ from Symbol objects in that Symbol objects are designed to be used as identifiers, instead of text or data. You can create a String object explicitly ...String concat ( String str) : Concatenates specified string to the end of this string. String s1 = ”Geeks”; String s2 = ”forGeeks”; String output = s1.concat (s2); // returns “GeeksforGeeks”. int indexOf (String s) : Returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified string.PHP code. Contribute to adamcameron/php development by creating an account on GitHub. class String. A String object has an arbitrary sequence of bytes, typically representing text or binary data. A String object may be created using String::new or as literals. String objects differ from Symbol objects in that Symbol objects are designed to be used as identifiers, instead of text or data. You can create a String object explicitly ...In those languages, ToString () is a virtual function defined on the base class of all objects, and is therefore used as a standard way to express a string representation of any object. These functions on std::string only apply to built-in types. The idiomatic way in C++ is to override the << operator for custom types.106. Keeping it simple with console, you can just use a comma instead of a +. The + will try to convert the object into a string, whereas the comma will display it separately in the console. Example: var o = {a:1, b:2}; console.log (o); console.log ('Item: ' + o); console.log ('Item: ', o); // :) Output:@BjörnPollex You might be able to pull this of with decorator, but I'd expect you have to struggle with a lot of subtleties of the language. And even if you do you're still bound to use metaclass in one way or another since you don't want to use the default __repr__ to represent C.Strings are useful for holding data that can be represented in text form. Some of the most-used operations on strings are to check their length, to build and concatenate them using the + and += string operators, checking for the existence or location of substrings with the indexOf() method, or extracting substrings with the substring() method.Two things: first, you cannot add to an existing class without modifying the class definition. If you have a class that you want convertible to std::string (or to double or whatever), you should define a conversion operator: in your case:Two things: first, you cannot add to an existing class without modifying the class definition. If you have a class that you want convertible to std::string (or to double or whatever), you should define a conversion operator: in your case:std:: to_string. std:: to_string. Converts a numeric value to std::string . Let buf be an internal to the conversion functions buffer, sufficiently large to contain the result of conversion. 1) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%d", value). 2) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%ld ...This header introduces string types, character traits and a set of converting functions: Class templates basic_string Generic string class (class template) char_traitsString toString () is the built-in method of java.lang which return itself a string. So here no actual conversion is performed. Since toString () method simply returns the current string without any changes, there is no need to call the string explicitly, it is usually called implicitly. Parameter: The method does not accept any parameters .Experiences Trailblazer Account. Access Trailhead, your Trailblazer profile, community, learning, original series, events, support, and more.Example: String demoString = “GeeksforGeeks”; 2. Using new keyword. String s = new String (“Welcome”); In such a case, JVM will create a new string object in normal (non-pool) heap memory and the literal “Welcome” will be placed in the string constant pool. The variable s will refer to the object in the heap (non-pool)This header introduces string types, character traits and a set of converting functions: Class templates basic_string Generic string class (class template) char_traitsWhy is this marked as an answer. This code won't compile because the Employee class don't have a Name property. public class emp { public int id { get; set; } public string name { get; set; } public override string ToString () { return id + " " + name; } } List<string> strings = new List<string> (); List<employee> e=new List<employee> (); e ...1. Read and write data from/to files; 2. Solve problems involving data files; 3. Perform quantitative analyses of data (e.g., finding maximums, minimums, averages); 4. Store and manipulate data in an array or ArrayList; 5. Combine multiple classes to solve larger problems; Use iterables and collections (including maps) in Java. Object.ToString is the major formatting method in the .NET Framework. It converts an object to its string representation so that it is suitable for display. (For information about formatting support in the .NET Framework, see Formatting Types .) Default implementations of the Object.ToString method return the fully qualified name of the object ...It then adds the property name as a key in the dictionary and, if a value exists, it adds the value, otherwise it adds null. public static Dictionary<string, object> ObjectToDictionary (object obj) { Dictionary<string, object> ret = new Dictionary<string, object> (); foreach (PropertyInfo prop in obj.GetType ().GetProperties ()) { string ...Use the str () class to convert an object to a string. The str () class returns the string version of the given object. The first example uses the str () class to convert an object to a string. The str class takes an object and returns the string version of the object. If you need to convert a class object to a string, implement the _ _ str ...ToString (Single, IFormatProvider) Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating-point number to its equivalent string representation, using the specified culture-specific formatting information. ToString (String, IFormatProvider) Returns the specified string instance; no actual conversion is performed.May 4, 2022 · Note: Object class acts as a root of inheritance hierarchy in any java program. Now we will be dealing with one of its methods known as toString () method. We typically generally do use the toString () method to get the string representation of an object. It is very important and readers should be aware that whenever we try to print the object ... 1. If you want to serialize it to string you can use JavaScriptSerializer. using System.Web.Script.Serialization; // To access add reference to System.Web.Extensions var thing = new Thing (); var json = new JavaScriptSerializer ().Serialize (thing); Deserialization process I've described here. Share.Converting Object to String. Everything is an object in Python. So all the built-in objects can be converted to strings using the str () and repr () methods. Example 1: Using str () method. Python3. Int = 6. Float = 6.0. s1 = str(Int)A custom String class implementation. This is my first implementation of a "container" using the Rule of Five, any feedback I'll gladly accept. I've tried to make it as Exception-Safe as possible. I've made it for an assignment. #pragma once #include <ostream> #include "Vector.h" class String { public: String (); String (char _char); String ...Experiences Trailblazer Account. Access Trailhead, your Trailblazer profile, community, learning, original series, events, support, and more.Another alternative using reflection, is to use the MethodBase class. In your example, you could add a static property (or method) that provides you with the info you want. Something like: class Foo { public static string ClassName { get { return MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod ().DeclaringType.Name; } } }Instead Class objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the defineClass method in the class loader. The following example uses a Class object to print the class name of an object: void printClassName (Object obj) { System.out.println ("The class of " + obj + " is " + obj.getClass ...May 4, 2022 · Note: Object class acts as a root of inheritance hierarchy in any java program. Now we will be dealing with one of its methods known as toString () method. We typically generally do use the toString () method to get the string representation of an object. It is very important and readers should be aware that whenever we try to print the object ... Jan 16, 2015 · public String toString () { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder (); builder.append (SalesExceptionHandlerImpl.class.getName () + " ["); builder.append ("toString ()="); builder.append (super.toString ()); builder.append (", getClass ()="); builder.append (getClass ()); builder.append (", hashCode ()="); builder.append (hashCode ()... Instead Class objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the defineClass method in the class loader. The following example uses a Class object to print the class name of an object: void printClassName (Object obj) { System.out.println ("The class of " + obj + " is " + obj.getClass ...Experiences Trailblazer Account. Access Trailhead, your Trailblazer profile, community, learning, original series, events, support, and more.2. Maven Dependency. Let's first add the Lombok maven dependency: <dependency> <groupId> org.projectlombok </groupId> <artifactId> lombok </artifactId> <version> 1.18.8 </version> </dependency>. 3. Use @ToString. The @ToString annotation generates the toString method automatically for us. By default, Lombok uses all non-static fields in the ... vformat (format_string, args, kwargs) ¶. This function does the actual work of formatting. It is exposed as a separate function for cases where you want to pass in a predefined dictionary of arguments, rather than unpacking and repacking the dictionary as individual arguments using the *args and **kwargs syntax.3 Answers. Sorted by: 17. There is no difference. Python changed the text representation of type objects between python 2 ( Types are written like this: <type 'int'>.) and python 3 ( Types are written like this: <class 'int'>. ). In both python 2 and 3, the type of the type object is, um, type: python 2.Object.prototype.toString () returns " [object Type]", where Type is the object type. If the object has a Symbol.toStringTag property whose value is a string, that value will be used as the Type. Many built-in objects, including Map and Symbol, have a Symbol.toStringTag.78. I have created a data class. data class Something ( val a : String, val b : Object, val c : String ) as later in my program, I need the string representation of this data class I tried to extend the toString method. override fun Something.toString () : String = a + b.result () + c. The problem here is, it does not allow extending ...Possible Duplicate: PHP ToString() equivalent how to convert object into string in php Actually i am dealing with web service APIs.i want to use output of one API as a input for another API. ...As Chris Lutz explains, this is defined by the __repr__ method in your class.. From the documentation of repr():. For many types, this function makes an attempt to return a string that would yield an object with the same value when passed to eval(), otherwise the representation is a string enclosed in angle brackets that contains the name of the type of the object together with additional ...Strings are constant; their values cannot be changed after they are created. String buffers support mutable strings. Because String objects are immutable they can be shared. For example: String str = "abc"; is equivalent to: char data [] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}; String str = new String (data);In Java, you can convert an object to a string using the toString () method, which is a method of the Object class. This method returns a string that represents the object. We can also use the String.valueOf () method to convert an object to a string in Java. This method is a static method of the String class that takes an object as a parameter ...To turn a list of elements into a single string in C#, we will utilize the string.Join method, StringBuilder object, Enumerable.Aggregate method and the string concatenation operator. The string.Join method concatenates the elements of a specified array or the members of a collection, using the specified separator between each element or member.Python’s primitive data types include float, integer, Boolean, and string. The programming language provides several functions you can use to convert any of these data types to the other. One of those functions we’ll look at in this article is str(). It’s a built-in function you can use to convertOverview. Annotating a class with @ToString will cause lombok to generate an implementation of the toString() method. You use configuration options to specify whether field names should be included but otherwise the format is fixed: the class name followed by parentheses containing fields separated by commas, e.g. MyClass(foo=123, bar=234).Another alternative using reflection, is to use the MethodBase class. In your example, you could add a static property (or method) that provides you with the info you want. Something like: class Foo { public static string ClassName { get { return MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod ().DeclaringType.Name; } } }Generate ToString method from public properties. Contribute to Fody/ToString development by creating an account on GitHub.PowerShell: Overriding the default ToString () method. Each PowerShell object derives from System.Object and therefore has a ToString () method that returns a string that is (typically) used to render an object in readable and understandable for humans. This page tries to demonstrate the usefulnes of overriding the default Tostring () method.3 Answers. Sorted by: 17. There is no difference. Python changed the text representation of type objects between python 2 ( Types are written like this: <type 'int'>.) and python 3 ( Types are written like this: <class 'int'>. ). In both python 2 and 3, the type of the type object is, um, type: python 2.2. Maven Dependency. Let's first add the Lombok maven dependency: <dependency> <groupId> org.projectlombok </groupId> <artifactId> lombok </artifactId> <version> 1.18.8 </version> </dependency>. 3. Use @ToString. The @ToString annotation generates the toString method automatically for us. By default, Lombok uses all non-static fields in the ... Jan 16, 2015 · public String toString () { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder (); builder.append (SalesExceptionHandlerImpl.class.getName () + " ["); builder.append ("toString ()="); builder.append (super.toString ()); builder.append (", getClass ()="); builder.append (getClass ()); builder.append (", hashCode ()="); builder.append (hashCode ()... PHP code. Contribute to adamcameron/php development by creating an account on GitHub. To override the ToString method in your class or struct: Declare a ToString method with the following modifiers and return type: C#. Copy. public override string ToString(){} Implement the method so that it returns a string. The following example returns the name of the class in addition to the data specific to a particular instance of the class.Two things: first, you cannot add to an existing class without modifying the class definition. If you have a class that you want convertible to std::string (or to double or whatever), you should define a conversion operator: in your case:Often the best way to convert a List of strings into an array is the string.Join method. This is built into the .NET Framework, so we do not need to write any custom code. Part 1 We create a List of strings by invoking the List constructor, and then calling Add () 3 times. Part 2 We use the string.Join method to combine a List of strings into ...Every line of 'python class to string' code snippets is scanned for vulnerabilities by our powerful machine learning engine that combs millions of open source libraries, ensuring your Python code is secure.String toString () is the built-in method of java.lang which return itself a string. So here no actual conversion is performed. Since toString () method simply returns the current string without any changes, there is no need to call the string explicitly, it is usually called implicitly. Parameter: The method does not accept any parameters .Feb 17, 2019 · By default Java object toString method implementation looks like this: getClass ().getName () + "@" + Integer.toHexString (hashCode ()) For example, you have a Car class: package com.explainjava; public class Car { private String name; private int year; public Car (String name, int year) { this.name = name; this.year = year; } } Strings are constant; their values cannot be changed after they are created. String buffers support mutable strings. Because String objects are immutable they can be shared. For example: String str = "abc"; is equivalent to: char data [] = {'a', 'b', 'c'}; String str = new String (data);The method used to serialize objects looks like this. public static XmlDocument SerializerObject<T> (T obj, XmlSerializerNamespaces xsn) where T : class { XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument (); using (var xs = xmlDocument.CreateNavigator ().AppendChild ()) { new XmlSerializer (typeof (T)).Serialize (xs, obj, xsn); } return xmlDocument; }1 day ago · 1 Answer. You appear to be attempting to save a condition and action as strings within the properties of a node, where the condition defines a Cypher query and the action provides a conditionally performed query. Your method is correct, however you will need to employ dynamic Cypher query execution to do this. Overview. Annotating a class with @ToString will cause lombok to generate an implementation of the toString() method. You use configuration options to specify whether field names should be included but otherwise the format is fixed: the class name followed by parentheses containing fields separated by commas, e.g. MyClass(foo=123, bar=234).Generate ToString method from public properties. Contribute to Fody/ToString development by creating an account on GitHub.How to create a String in Java? The way we declare any other data type, the same way we declare String as well. A string is always be described in the double-quotes. As with any other object, you can also create String objects by using the new keyword and a constructor. char[] webSiteName = { 'T', 'O', 'O', 'L', 'S', 'Q', 'A'}; String webSite ...Use Visual Studio 2022 to automatically generate the class you need: Copy the JSON that you need to deserialize. Create a class file and delete the template code. Choose Edit > Paste Special > Paste JSON as Classes .Return Value: This method returns the string representing the specified object. Below examples illustrate the String toString () method in TypeScript. Example 1: JavaScript. var str = "Geeksforgeeks - Best Platform"; var newstr = str.toString () console.log (newstr);how can I add a class to my html element as a string like this: '.step1{transform : translate(10px,10px); transition-duration: 1s;}' I've tried jquery addClass but it takes only the class name n...1. Read and write data from/to files; 2. Solve problems involving data files; 3. Perform quantitative analyses of data (e.g., finding maximums, minimums, averages); 4. Store and manipulate data in an array or ArrayList; 5. Combine multiple classes to solve larger problems; Use iterables and collections (including maps) in Java. To override the ToString method in your class or struct: Declare a ToString method with the following modifiers and return type: C#. Copy. public override string ToString(){} Implement the method so that it returns a string. The following example returns the name of the class in addition to the data specific to a particular instance of the class.Using toString on Custom Types in C++. “Give me a string representation of this object.”. This is a fairly ubiquitous sentence in programming, that many languages express in one brief statement: Java has .toString (), Python has str and Haskell has show, to cite just a few. My goal here is to propose a concise way to also express this in C++.The reason for this that if you have implemented a ToString () method on a class you don't neccessary want it to be used when calling .Dump (). In this example the result for ClassWithToString in the dump window looks silly, since Dump calls ToString () as part of dumping. Where for the ClassWithoutToString looks as "expected" - where it just ...Now, if we try to print our Customer object, Object # toString () will be called, and the output will be similar to: com.baeldung.tostring.Customer@6d06d69c. 3. Overriding Default Behavior. Looking at the above output, we can see that it doesn’t give us much information about the contents of our Customer object.Python’s primitive data types include float, integer, Boolean, and string. The programming language provides several functions you can use to convert any of these data types to the other. One of those functions we’ll look at in this article is str(). It’s a built-in function you can use to convertJava lang Class toString() Method - The java.lang.Class.toString() converts the object to a string. The string representation is the string class or interface, followed by a space, and then by the fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by getName.The method used to serialize objects looks like this. public static XmlDocument SerializerObject<T> (T obj, XmlSerializerNamespaces xsn) where T : class { XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument (); using (var xs = xmlDocument.CreateNavigator ().AppendChild ()) { new XmlSerializer (typeof (T)).Serialize (xs, obj, xsn); } return xmlDocument; }78. I have created a data class. data class Something ( val a : String, val b : Object, val c : String ) as later in my program, I need the string representation of this data class I tried to extend the toString method. override fun Something.toString () : String = a + b.result () + c. The problem here is, it does not allow extending ...ToString (Single, IFormatProvider) Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating-point number to its equivalent string representation, using the specified culture-specific formatting information. ToString (String, IFormatProvider) Returns the specified string instance; no actual conversion is performed.

1. If you want to serialize it to string you can use JavaScriptSerializer. using System.Web.Script.Serialization; // To access add reference to System.Web.Extensions var thing = new Thing (); var json = new JavaScriptSerializer ().Serialize (thing); Deserialization process I've described here. Share.. Valentinaof 4 onlyfansandved2ahukewi 84pf pcbaxwkrjabhwbkc0qqfnoeccuqaqandusgaovvaw2q3q2lanqjovmv1 cqlsfv

classwithtostring

In Java, you can convert an object to a string using the toString () method, which is a method of the Object class. This method returns a string that represents the object. We can also use the String.valueOf () method to convert an object to a string in Java. This method is a static method of the String class that takes an object as a parameter ...Python’s primitive data types include float, integer, Boolean, and string. The programming language provides several functions you can use to convert any of these data types to the other. One of those functions we’ll look at in this article is str(). It’s a built-in function you can use to convertConverting Object to String. Everything is an object in Python. So all the built-in objects can be converted to strings using the str () and repr () methods. Example 1: Using str () method. Python3. Int = 6. Float = 6.0. s1 = str(Int)String concat ( String str) : Concatenates specified string to the end of this string. String s1 = ”Geeks”; String s2 = ”forGeeks”; String output = s1.concat (s2); // returns “GeeksforGeeks”. int indexOf (String s) : Returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified string.This is my solution, for any list object you can use this code for convert to xml layout. KeyFather is your principal tag and KeySon is where start your Forech. public string BuildXml<T> (ICollection<T> anyObject, string keyFather, string keySon) { var settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true }; PropertyDescriptorCollection props ...Strings library. The C++ strings library includes support for three general types of strings: std::basic_string - a templated class designed to manipulate strings of any character type. std::basic_string_view (since C++17) - a lightweight non-owning read-only view into a subsequence of a string. Null-terminated strings - arrays of characters ...I have a String which has a name of a class say "Ex" (no .class extension). I want to assign it to a Class variable, like this: Class cls = (string).class How can i do that?25. The purpose of the toString () method is to provide a literal representation of whatever object it is called on, or to convert an object to a string (example converting primitive types to strings). For a user defined class, it can vary depending on your use case. You might want to print out the object to a console.If you want to represent any object as a string, toString() method comes into existence. The toString() method returns the string representation of the object. If you print any object, java compiler internally invokes the toString() method on the object. So overriding the toString() method, returns the desired output, it can be the state of an object etc. depends on your implementation.In C#, a string is a sequence of Unicode characters or array of characters. The range of Unicode characters will be U+0000 to U+FFFF. The array of characters is also termed as the text. So the string is the representation of the text. A string is represented by a class System.String. The String class is defined in the .NET base class library.7 Answers. Check method reflectionToString (java.lang.Object), this will create automatically the representation you are expecting. Person p = new Person (); p.setName ("Tony"); p.setSalary (1000); System.out.println (ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString (p)); sure you can override the toString method of class.Python’s primitive data types include float, integer, Boolean, and string. The programming language provides several functions you can use to convert any of these data types to the other. One of those functions we’ll look at in this article is str(). It’s a built-in function you can use to convertThe reason for this that if you have implemented a ToString () method on a class you don't neccessary want it to be used when calling .Dump (). In this example the result for ClassWithToString in the dump window looks silly, since Dump calls ToString () as part of dumping. Where for the ClassWithoutToString looks as "expected" - where it just ...Generate ToString method from public properties. Contribute to Fody/ToString development by creating an account on GitHub.to (position) Link. Returns a substring from the beginning of the string to the given position. If the position is negative, it is counted from the end of the string. str = "hello" str.to(0) # => "h" str.to(3) # => "hell" str.to(-2) # => "hell". You can mix it with from method and do fun things like:.

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